Local anaesthesia is the most common form of pain management in dental and oral surgery procedures. It involves the injection of anaesthetic agents directly into the treatment area, such as the gums or oral tissues. This numbs the specific area, preventing pain during the procedure while allowing the patient to remain awake and alert.

Nitrous oxide is a mild sedative that can relax patients before and during dental procedures. It is administered through a mask placed over the patient's nose, which induces relaxation and reduces anxiety. It is often used in conjunction with local anaesthesia.